These are some of the instruments required for testing an Optical Transceiver.
Instruments
DCA (for eye diagram, mask Test, Jitter)
Bert[Bit Error Rate tester] for testing Data Bit Error Rates vs time and Random Data Pattern Source, Clock Source.
Optical Source
Optical Power Meter
Optical Attenuator
RF Attenuator
Optical Switches/Switching
Fiber Connector Adapters
Optical Splitter
Fiber cables
Fiber cleaning device
Here are some articles on the subject.
By Agilent
By JDSU
By Anritsu
Test Engineers Resource 